Reuters/Robert Galbraith
Alifhafizin
- Bukan sahaja jabatan polis tempatan di seluruh
Amerika Syarikat semakin bergantung kepada apa yang dikenali sebagai peranti
ikan pari untuk menjalankan pemantauan ke atas pengguna telefon bimbit, tetapi
polis dipaksa diam mengenai operasi, dokumen-dokumen baru mendedahkan.
Laporan baru-baru ini telah menyatakan bahawa
agensi-agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang dari pantai ke pantai telah beralih
kepada peranti penangkap-IMSI, seperti ikan pari yang dijual oleh Florida
Harris Corporation, untuk menipu biasa telefon bimbit ke dalam menyampaikan
maklumat Bergerak Antarabangsa Pengenalan Pelanggan peranti khusus utk menara
sel palsu - taktik yg mengambil data geolokasi anggaran semua peranti dalam
julat dan merakam-kannya untuk penyiasat.
Baru-baru ini, Jabatan Polis Tallahassee di negeri
Florida telah didapati meng-gunakan sendiri "tapak sel simulator"
mereka sekurang-kurangnya 200 kali untuk mengumpul data telefon tanpa pernah
meminta waran dalam tempoh 3 tahun, dan maklumat mengenai penggunaan ikan pari
oleh kumpulan-kumpulan penguatkua-saan undang-undang terus muncul pada biasa
itu.
Tetapi sementara merit sama ada atau tidak
pegawai2 penguatkuasa undang-undang undang-undang akan dapat untuk
mengumpul maklumat sel sensitif den-gan menyamar sebagai menara telekomunikasi
masih masak untuk perbahasan - & terus dgn pasti menjadi isu perbalahan di
kalangan penyokong kebebasan awam - dokumen yang baru dikeluarkan walaupun
meningkatkan pertanyaan tentang bagaimana polis gunakan ikan pari &
lain2 penangkap-IMSI untuk mengumpul ketulan besar data berkenaan di mana
suspek bukan sahaja jenayah, tetapi seolah-olah sesiapa sahaja di kawasan
tertentu yang berlaku untuk mem-punyai telefon di tangan atau poket mereka.
Rayuan tidak henti-henti untuk mendapatkan butiran
mengenai penggunaan penangkap-IMSI oleh Jabatan Polis Tacoma di negeri
Washington berhasil apabila baru-baru ini laman berita penyiasatan Muckrock
memperoleh dokumen enam halaman selepas susulan selama beberapa bulan pada
Kebebasan permintaan Akta Maklumat yang disimpan dengan TPD .
Menurut dokumen itu, polis di Tacoma terpaksa
menandatangani perjanjian tidak boleh di dedah, atau NDA, dengan Biro Penyiasatan
Persekutuan sebelum mereka boleh mula menjalankan pengawasan ke atas pengguna
sel dengan Harris-pari dijual.
Walaupun majoriti Disember 2012 dokumen itu
disunting, perenggan dari FBI ejen khas Laura Laughlin kepada Polis Ketua
Donald Ramsdell mendedahkan bahawa pegawai Tacoma diberitahu mereka tidak dapat
membincangkan penggunaan penangkap-IMSI mereka dengan sesiapa.
"Kami telah dinasihatkan oleh Harris
Corporation permintaan Jabatan Polis Tacoma untuk pengambilalihan wayarles
koleksi peralatan/teknologi tertentu yang dihasilkan oleh Harris
Corporation," surat FBI membaca sebahagiannya.
"Selaras dengan syarat-syarat mengenai
kebenaran peralatan yang diberikan kepada Harris Corporation oleh Suruhanjaya
Komunikasi Persekutuan (FCC), negeri dan tempatan agensi-agensi penguatkuasaan
undang-undang perlu menye-laras dengan Biro Penyiasatan Persekutuan (FBI) untuk
menyelesaikan ini per-janjian tidak boleh dedah sebelum pengambilalihan dan
penggunaan perala-tan/teknologi yang diberi kuasa oleh FCC kebenaran itu."
Muckrock terlebih dahulu dokumen pada Ogos merujuk
kepada NDA antara Jabatan Kehakiman Amerika Syarikat yang Tacoma PD dan, tetapi
Shawn Musgrave menulis untuk laman web ini minggu ini bahawa perjanjian itu
sendiri - walaupun yang sangat disunting satu - hanya disediakan pada Jumaat
lepas.
FBI forces police Departments
Across the US to keep QUIET About Cellphone Spying GEAR . . .
Not only are local police departments across the
United States increasingly relying on so-called StingRay devices to conduct
surveillance on cell phone users, but cops are being forced to keep quiet about
the operations, new documents reveal.
Recent reports have indicated that law enforcement
agencies from coast to coast have been turning to IMSI-catcher devices, like
the StingRay sold by Florida’s Harris Corporation, to trick ordinary mobile
phones into communicating device-specific International Mobile Subscriber
Identity information to phony cell towers - a tactic that takes the approximate
geolocation data of all the devices within range and records it for
investigators.
Recently, the Tallahassee Police Department in the
state of Florida was found to have used their own “cell site simulator” at
least 200 times to collect phone data without once asking for a warrant during
a three-year span, and details about the use of StingRays by other law
enforcement groups continue to emerge on the regular.
But while the merits of whether or not law
enforcement officers should legally be able to collect sensitive cell
information by masquerading as telecommunication towers remains ripe for debate
- and continues for certain to be an issue of contention among civil liberties
advocates - newly released documents raise even further questions about how
cops use StingRays and other IMSI-catchers to gather great chunks of data
concerning the whereabouts of not just criminal suspects, but seemingly anyone
in a given vicinity that happens to have a phone in their hand or pocket.
Relentless pleas for details about use of IMSI-catchers by the
Tacoma Police Department in Washington state paid off recently when the
investigative news site Muckrock obtained a six-page document after following
up for several months on a Freedom of Information Act request placed with the
TPD.
According to the document, police in Tacoma were
forced to sign a non-disclosure agreement, or NDA, with the Federal Bureau of
Investigation before they could begin conducting surveillance on cell users
with a Harris-sold StingRay.
Although the majority of the December 2012 document
is redacted, a paragraph from FBI special agent Laura Laughlin to Police of
Chief Donald Ramsdell reveals that Tacoma officers were told they couldn’t
discuss their use of IMSI-catchers with anyone.
“We have been advised by Harris Corporation of the
Tacoma Police Department’s request for acquisition of certain wireless
collection equipment/technology manufactured by Harris Corporation,” the FBI
letter reads in part.
“Consistent with the conditions on the equipment
authorization granted to Harris Corporation by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC), state and local law enforcement agencies must coordinate with
the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to complete this non-disclosure
agreement prior to the acquisition and use of the equipment/technology
authorized by the FCC authorization.”
Muckrock first obtained documents in August
referring to the NDA between the Tacoma PD and the US Department of Justice,
but Shawn Musgrave wrote for the site this week that the
agreement itself - albeit a highly redacted one - were only provided last
Friday.
"Dokumen Tacoma memberikan pandangan utama
dalam kerjasama erat di kalangan FBI, Harris Corporation dan Suruhanjaya
Komunikasi Persekutuan melarang butiran ikan pari dari pelepasan awam,"
Musgrave menulis.
"Hakikat bahawa FBI menerima pemberitahuan
daripada Harris yang TPD berminat dalam ikan pari mendedahkan tahap yang
mengejutkan koordinasi antara syarikat swasta dan agensi penguatkuasaan
undang-undang persekutuan," Musgrave terus. "Perjanjian itu juga
menjelaskan bahawa melengkapkan NDA adalah wajib dengan perintah FCC."
Alan Butler, seorang peguam advokasi rayuan untuk
Privasi Elektronik Pusat Maklumat berpangkalan di Washington DC,, atau EPIC,
cepat mengulas untuk Muckrock tentang maklumat yang didedahkan oleh permintaan
FOIA.
"Apa yang menarik mengenai perenggan awal daripada
NDA anda diterima," Butler berkata, "ialah ia menjelaskan bahawa
Harris, FCC dan FBI bekerja bersama-sama untuk memudahkan percambahan alat-alat
ini di kalangan negeri dan tempatan agensi-agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang
".
"Ia tidak jelas kepada saya mengapa FCC akan
mempunyai kepentingan dalam yang memerlukan agensi-agensi penguatkuasaan
undang-undang untuk menan-datangani NDA ini dgn FBI, kecuali mereka bimbang
bahawa penyebaran tek-nologi ini boleh membahayakan pengguna rangkaian komunikasi
Amerika," kata Butler, yang kumpulan mempunyai sebelum ini memfailkan
permintaan FOIA berganda dan aduan undang-undang sendiri dengan FBI ke atas
penggunaan IMSI-penangkap.
Dan Matt Cagle, seorang peguam yang pakar dalam
pengawasan satu berfungsi sebagai rakan-rakan polis untuk pejabat Amerika
Kesatuan Kebebasan Sivil ini Utara California, menulis sebarang tweet bahawa
itu "membimbangkan" untuk melihat bahawa FCC - agensi awam -
"adalah pensijilan penyaman pengintip sel berteknologi "tanpa
memberitahu orang awam.
“The Tacoma document provides key insight into the close
cooperation among the FBI, Harris Corporation and the Federal Communications
Commission to bar StingRay details from public release,” Musgrave wrote.
“The fact that the FBI received notification from
Harris that TPD was interested in a StingRay reveals a surprising level of
coordination between a private corporation and a federal law enforcement
agency,” Musgrave continued. “The agreement also makes clear that completing
the NDA is compulsory by order of the FCC.”
Alan Butler, an appellate advocacy counsel for the
Washington, DC-based Electronic Privacy Information Center, or EPIC, was quick
to comment to Muckrock about the information revealed by the FOIA request.
“What is so fascinating about the beginning
paragraph of the NDA you received,” Butler said, “is that it makes clear that
Harris, the FCC and the FBI are working together to facilitate the
proliferation of these devices among state and local law enforcement agencies.”
“It’s not clear to me why the FCC would have an
interest in requiring law enforcement agencies to sign NDA’s with the FBI,
unless they were concerned that the spread of this technology could harm users
of American communications networks,” added Butler, whose group has previously
filed multiple
FOIA requests and legal complaints on its own with the FBI over the use
of IMSI-catchers.
And Matt Cagle, an attorney who specialized in
surveillance an serves as a police fellow for the American Civil Liberties
Union’s Northern California office, tweeted that it’s “alarming” to see that
the FCC - a public agency - “is conditioning certification of cell spy tech”
without informing the public.
Alarming that a public agency (FCC) is conditioning certification of cell
spy tech on public's not being informed. https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2014/sep/22/they-could-track-cell-phone-data-police-had-sign-n/
Seperti yang dilaporkan RT baru-baru ini, Perkhidmatan
baru-baru ini Marsyal Amerika Syarikat telah campur tangan dalam pertikaian
antara jabatan polis di Sarasota, FL dan ACLU dengan merebut rekod telefon
bimbit yang dikumpul oleh polis pari milik sebelum libertarian awam boleh
menyemak mereka.
"Ini adalah selaras dengan apa yang kita lihat
di seluruh negara dengan agensi-agensi persekutuan cuba untuk campur tangan
dengan permintaan orang awam untuk maklumat pari," peguam ACLU kakitangan
Nathan Freed memberitahu ber-wayar kembali pada bulan Jun. "The feds
bekerja keras untuk menghalang apa-apa pelepasan maklumat ini kepada orang
ramai."
Pada masa itu, Wired melaporkan bahawa ACLU percaya
bahawa "puluhan" ja-batan polis Amerika Syarikat telah menggunakan
ikan pari di bawah kaveat ba-hawa mereka menandatangani NDA.
As RT reported recently, the US Marshals Service recently
intervened in a dispute between the police department in Sarasota, FL and the
ACLU by seizing cell phone records collected by an cop-owned StingRay before
the civil libertarians could review them.
“This is consistent with what we’ve seen around the
country with federal agencies trying to meddle with public requests for
Stingray information,” ACLU staff attorney Nathan Freed told Wired back in
June. “The feds are working very hard to block any release of this information
to the public.”
At the time, Wired reported that the ACLU believes that “dozens” of US
police department have used StingRays under the caveat that they sign an NDA.
READ MORE: http://on.rt.com/tm5wnf
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